Finite Element Analysis (FEA)
To predict the performance of special applications, O'Brien uses Finite Element Analysis, a computer modeling of heat distribution within the tubing bundle. It accurately predicts temperature performance of your bundle under the conditions of your specific application. Using FEA techniques O'Brien has successfully designed and supplied bundles with cut-to-length self regulating heaters that can withstand up to 1100°F blow down temperatures.

The following examples show various conditions in which O'Brien has used FEA to accurately predict performance.

FEA - Predicted Temperature Distribution

			Cross section of TPE2-B4-B5, two 1/2" 0.049 seamless stainless steel process tubes and a 5 watt XTV tracer
			FEA showing the predicted temperature distribution in a cross section of TRACEPAK on a 0ºF day and 80ºF day.
	0ºF ambient	80ºF ambient

Using FEA to Predict Performance Under Extreme Conditions
(High temperature blowdown up to 1100°F.)

		The configuration of this bundle shows a buffered or isolated tracer. This configuration allows O'Brien TRACEPAK to use self regulating tracers to provide freeze protection for lines that are intermittently blown down with up to 1100°F steam.
		At -20ºF we see that the process tube is maintained at about 60ºF.
		During 750ºF blowdown on a 100ºF day, the tracer is at 400ºF, 20ºF below the maximum allowable.

Using FEA to Predict Changes not Possible by Other Methods

		A six tube bundle consisting of a combination of Teflon and HDPE tubes with an electric tracer. Two aluminum plates are used to maintain position of the tubes and increase heat transfer.
		Without mylar foil.
		With mylar foil. With mylar foil the heater was about 20ºF cooler and process tubes were 10ºF warmer.

Additionally, an environmental chamber testing facility at O'Brien's headquarters allows testing of products to verify their performance in many environmental conditions.

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